HRDD is critical in humanitarian operations in Northwest Syria due to the complex interplay of conflict, governance challenges, and the involvement of multiple actors. These critical conditions originated from the grave human rights violations committed in Syria, mostly but not solely by the Syrian government, since 2011.11 Northwest Syria has been one of the most affected regions in the ongoing Syrian conflict, where various factions, including non-state armed groups, international actors, and local governments, operate in a fragmented environment. These dynamics present significant risks of human rights violations, necessitating careful HRDD to ensure that humanitarian efforts do not exacerbate existing vulnerabilities or unintentionally support perpetrators of abuses.
One of the primary reasons HRDD is necessary is to mitigate the risk of human rights abuses in a highly volatile region. Armed groups and factions often control access to humanitarian aid, and without proper due diligence, there is a risk that aid could be diverted to support these groups, prolonging the conflict or contributing to further violations. HRDD could help humanitarian NGOs navigate these complex conditions and ensure that humanitarian projects are implemented in a manner that is as compliant as possible with international human rights and humanitarian law standards. Another crucial aspect of HRDD in Northwest Syria relates to the protection of civilians. The region is home to millions of displaced people who face a range of risks, including targeted violence, forced displacement, and inadequate access to essential services like healthcare and education.12 By implementing HRDD, humanitarian NGOs can better assess the risks to these vulnerable populations and tailor their interventions to avoid contributing to further harm. This includes taking steps to ensure that aid distribution does not reinforce discriminatory practices or marginalize particular communities, especially in areas where ethnic or sectarian tensions are high.
Furthermore, HRDD is essential for maintaining the neutrality and legitimacy of humanitarian operations. In conflict zones like Northwest Syria, humanitarian NGOs are often viewed with suspicion by different parties to the conflict, while facing at the same time varying levels of pressure from these authorities to comply with their policies or agendas. A robust HRDD framework allows these organizations to demonstrate that they are operating in compliance with international human rights and humanitarian law, which can help build trust with local communities and minimize the risks of becoming targets of violence themselves.
Additionally, HRDD helps in ensuring accountability and transparency, which are critical in complex emergencies. Given the multiplicity of actors involved in humanitarian operations—ranging from international NGOs to local partners and private contractors—there is a need for strong oversight mechanisms. HRDD processes involve continuous monitoring, evaluation, and reporting, which ensures that all actors involved are adhering to human rights standards. This not only protects the beneficiaries but also safeguards the reputation and operational viability of humanitarian NGOs by ensuring that they are not implicated in human rights abuses.
11. Using “government” in this report, instead of “regime” in reference to Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria is due to legal considerations. The term “government” underscores the legal responsibilities of the State and does not constitute a political statement or endorse a political position. It highlights the State’s duties and obligations under international law, regardless of who is exercising government functions.
12. As of October 2024, Northwest Syria hosted 2 million IDPs living in camps, out of a total population of over 5 millions. OCHA, North-west Syria | Situation report (October 2024), available at <https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/syria/>