The HRDD Tool Structure is designed to align with the Project Cycle Management (PCM) framework. This structure ensures a comprehensive integration of human rights considerations in humanitarian interventions in Northwest Syria, with a particular focus on Housing, Land, and Property (HLP) rights, environmental impact on human rights and gender equality. The tool applies the four stages of HRDD to each phase of the PCM as explained below. However, this remains subject to the project’s context and the nature of the project. Applying the HRDD process to each phase may also create actionable steps to be integrated in the following phases.
- Assessment (Situation Analysis) Phase:
This phase focuses on understanding the context and conducting a comprehensive human rights analysis. Key components include:
- Situational analysis, including specific HLP rights assessment and gender analysis
- Stakeholder identification and mapping, with emphasis on marginalized groups
- Environmental and climate change impact assessment
- Conflict sensitivity analysis
- Child protection and PSEAH risk assessment.260
- Supply chain mapping for human rights risks
- Food security and nutrition assessment, including cultural and religious considerations
- Health service access assessment, including gender-specific needs
According to the OHCHR, this phase should “identify and address the root causes of human rights violations and discrimination patterns”.261 The assessment should consider recommendations from international human rights mechanisms and local context-specific issues.
Applying HRDD steps to this phase requires the organizations to select relevant assessments according to the specific nature of their project. The goal is not to impose additional assessments but to ensure that critical human rights-related assessments are conducted where necessary. This approach ensures that teams are aware of key risks and can make informed decisions on how to address them. By focusing on assessments directly linked to human rights risks, organizations can avoid fragmented approaches and ensure their interventions are strategic and comprehensive.
As described earlier, the HRDD process includes 4 steps: assessment, integrating action, monitoring, and communication and being accountable. To benefit from the tool, an organisation would rely on the questions and indicators laid out in the matrix to assess the level of risk to human rights in its planned project. This is followed by integrating actionable steps to prevent or mitigate these risks, and monitor the application of the action plan. The final step or HRDD requires the organisation to communicate the results to relevant stakeholders and, therefore, be accountable for its plan.
- Design (Planning) Phase:
This phase involves integrating human rights principles into the project’s logical framework. Key elements include:
- Developing comprehensive non-discrimination policies
- Designing inclusive labour rights policies
- Establishing data protection measures, particularly for vulnerable groups
- Incorporating environmental sustainability and climate change adaptation considerations
- Developing safeguarding measures, especially for women and children
- Planning for meaningful consultation with affected populations
- Integrating HLP rights considerations in shelter/infrastructure projects
- Designing culturally appropriate and accessible feedback mechanisms
According to the SPHERE Standards, “[t]he design should explicitly address patterns of discrimination and inequality, targeting the most marginalized groups”.262
In a similar fashion to the previous phase of the project, the HRDD process is applied here relying on the relevant questions and indicators laid out in the annexed matrix. The assessment is then followed by the same stages: integrating action, monitoring, and communication and being accountable. This phase could include actionable steps from the previous stage assessment. It could also propose actionable steps to be integrated in the following phases of the project.
- Implementation Phase:
This phase focuses on operationalizing human rights principles throughout project activities. Key aspects include:
- Continuous human rights monitoring, including HLP rights and gender-specific indicators
- Capacity building for both rights-holders and duty-bearers on human rights issues
- Establishing and maintaining accessible, gender-sensitive feedback mechanisms
- Practicing adaptive management based on human rights monitoring findings
- Implementing measures to ensure safe education access, including for girls
- Ongoing consultation with affected populations
- Systematic tracking of vulnerable groups’ access to services
Here as well, the HRDD process is applied relying on the relevant questions and indicators as laid out in the attached matrix. Actionable steps from previous stages assessments could be included.
- Monitoring and Evaluation Phase:
This phase involves assessing the project’s impact on human rights. Key components include:
- Developing specific human rights indicators, including those related to HLP rights and gender equality
- Ensuring participatory M&E processes that include vulnerable groups
- Collecting disaggregated data, particularly by gender, age, and disability status
- Conducting comprehensive human rights impact assessments
- Monitoring education quality, including gender-specific considerations
- Evaluating the effectiveness of feedback mechanisms
The OHCHR stresses the importance of using human rights indicators to measure progress and impact, ensuring that “no one is left behind” in the humanitarian response.263
Here as well, the HRDD process is applied relying on the relevant questions and indicators as laid out in the attached matrix. Actionable steps from previous stages assessments could be included.
- Exit and Transition Phase:
This phase focuses on ensuring the sustainability of human rights gains. Key elements include:
- Developing an exit strategy that considers potential human rights implications of project closure
- Assessing the long-term sustainability of human rights gains, including HLP rights and gender equality improvements
- Building local capacities for continued human rights monitoring
- Ensuring effective knowledge transfer on human rights issues to local partners
- Conducting a final environmental rights assessment
- Planning for responsible transition of procurement relationships
As is the case in previous phases, HRDD steps are implemented in this stage as well.
260. For more information on PSEAH awareness in NW Syria see UNHCR, PSEAH Factsheet in Syria, (2023), available at <https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/109795>
261. OHCHR, Frequently Asked Questions on a Human Rights-Based Approach to Development Cooperation (2006) available at <https://unsdg.un.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions-human-rights-based-approach-development-cooperation>
262. Sphere Association, ‘The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response’ (4th edn, 2018) available at <https://spherestandards.org/handbook/>
263. OHCHR, Human Rights Indicators: A Guide to Measurement and Implementation (HR/PUB/12/5, 2012) available at <https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/HRIndicators/AGuideMeasurementImplementationCover_en.pdf>